Why Do Italians Eat 7 Fishes? Unveiling The Secret Tradition

Welcome to our blog post, where we uncover the age-old tradition of Why Do Italians Eat 7 Fishes on Christmas Eve. If you’ve ever wondered about this fascinating tradition, you’ve come to the right place.

This tradition has been passed down through generations of Italians and has become an integral part of the Italian culture. It is a night of celebration, feasting, and reflection. While it’s a widely celebrated tradition, not many know the origin or the symbolic meaning behind it.

Throughout this article, we will take a deep dive into the origins, symbolic meaning, connection to Catholicism, and the traditional Italian recipes for preparing the feast. By the end of this article, you’ll have a better understanding of this age-old tradition and its significance. So let’s begin.

The Origin Of The Tradition

While the origin of the Feast of the Seven Fishes is not entirely clear, there are several theories as to how this tradition started. One theory suggests that it originated in Southern Italy as a way to abstain from meat on Christmas Eve, which is a Catholic tradition. Another theory suggests that it was a way to honor the Seven Sacraments of the Catholic Church. Regardless of its origin, this tradition has become a significant part of Italian culture, and families continue to celebrate it with enthusiasm.

The tradition has also evolved over time, with some families choosing to include more than seven fishes or serve dishes that do not include fish. However, the number seven has remained significant, and many families still adhere to this rule. The feast is usually served as a multi-course meal, with each dish representing a different fish, and it typically begins with light dishes such as antipasti and progresses to more substantial dishes such as pasta and seafood stews.

Despite its uncertain origin, the Feast of the Seven Fishes has become a beloved tradition for Italian families worldwide, and it continues to be an essential part of the Italian-American Christmas celebration. The tradition represents more than just a meal; it is a time for families to come together and celebrate their shared heritage and faith.

The Historical Roots Of The Feast

1. Early Fish Consumption: Fish has been a dietary staple in Italy since ancient times. Due to its abundance in the coastal regions, fish was more affordable and easily accessible than meat, which was a luxury for most people.

2. The Feast of the Seven Fishes: The tradition of eating seven fishes on Christmas Eve is believed to have originated in Southern Italy, particularly in the regions of Campania and Sicily, during the 16th century. It is said to have been introduced by Roman Catholics as a form of abstinence, which required them to refrain from eating meat on certain days.

The feast was initially a simple meal, consisting of a few types of fish, but it gradually evolved into a more elaborate affair with seven different types of fish. The tradition spread across Italy and eventually became a popular custom among Italian Americans.

The Geographical Spread Of The Tradition

While the Feast of the Seven Fishes is often associated with Italy, it is also celebrated in Italian-American communities around the world. In fact, it is said that the tradition was brought to the United States by Italian immigrants in the early 1900s. Today, it is a popular way for Italian-Americans to celebrate their heritage and pass down their culinary traditions to younger generations.

• Canada: The feast is celebrated by Italian-Canadians, particularly those living in Toronto and Montreal.
• Australia: The tradition is also celebrated by Italian-Australians, especially those living in Melbourne and Sydney.
• South America: The feast is celebrated in countries such as Argentina, Uruguay, and Brazil, where there are significant Italian immigrant communities.
• Europe: In addition to Italy, the feast is celebrated by Italian communities in other European countries, such as Spain and Portugal.

The geographical spread of the Feast of the Seven Fishes is a testament to the enduring nature of this culinary tradition and its significance in Italian culture around the world.

The Significance Of The Number 7

The number 7 holds a special meaning in many cultures and religions, and it plays a significant role in the Italian tradition of eating 7 fishes on Christmas Eve. In numerology, the number 7 represents completion and perfection, which may reflect the idea of a bountiful and satisfying feast. Additionally, in the Bible, the number 7 is associated with creation, rest, and holiness, further emphasizing the spiritual significance of the tradition.

• There are also some secular theories about the significance of 7 fishes, such as the idea that it represents the 7 hills of Rome or the 7 days of the week.
• Regardless of its origins, the number 7 has become an integral part of the Italian-American Christmas Eve feast, with many families adhering to the tradition year after year.
• Some families may also incorporate other symbolic elements into the feast, such as 7 types of seafood or 7 courses in the meal, further emphasizing the importance of the number 7.
• While the tradition of eating 7 fishes may have evolved over time and varies from family to family, the significance of the number 7 remains a constant and enduring aspect of the tradition.

Whether you observe the tradition for its spiritual meaning or simply enjoy the delicious seafood feast, the practice of eating 7 fishes on Christmas Eve is a cherished and enduring aspect of Italian culture that has spread across the world.

The Symbolic Meaning Behind Each Fish

Baccalà (Salt Cod) – The most popular fish on the Italian Christmas Eve table represents the 12 apostles. This tradition comes from the custom of abstaining from meat on certain religious days.

Calamari (Squid) – Representing hope and resurrection, this delicacy is usually served in the form of stuffed calamari, and is a staple in the south of Italy.

Gamberi (Shrimp) – A symbol of wealth and abundance, shrimp is often served as a main dish, and can be prepared in a variety of ways, including fried, grilled, or served in a savory sauce.

Sogliola (Sole) – This flat fish represents the life of Jesus, and is often served whole and stuffed with breadcrumbs, parsley, and lemon.

Anguilla (Eel) – The most controversial of the seven fishes, eel is believed to represent the sin of Judas. Despite this, it remains a popular dish in some parts of Italy.

The Importance Of Eel

Eel has a special significance in the Feast of the Seven Fishes. It is considered to be one of the most important fish in the tradition. The eel is known for its mysterious and elusive nature, and is said to represent resilience and adaptability.

Many Italian-American families serve eel as part of the Christmas Eve feast, and some even have a special eel-catching ritual leading up to the holiday. Eel is often prepared in a variety of ways, such as grilled, fried, or stewed, and is typically served with a flavorful sauce or marinade.

In addition to its symbolic significance, eel is also a popular fish in Italian cuisine, and has been enjoyed by Italians for centuries. It is high in protein and omega-3 fatty acids, making it a healthy and nutritious choice for the holiday feast.

Despite its popularity in Italian cuisine, eel populations have been declining in recent years, due in part to overfishing and habitat loss. Some Italian-American families have turned to sustainable eel farming as a way to continue the tradition while also protecting the environment.

The Significance Of Baccalà (Salt Cod)

Baccalà, or salt cod, is another fish with significant meaning in the Italian Christmas Eve tradition. This dried and salted fish has a long shelf life, making it a popular choice for fishermen who had to go out to sea for long periods of time.

One theory behind the inclusion of baccalà in the feast is that it represents the apostle Peter, who was a fisherman and the patron saint of Rome. Baccalà, which is traditionally soaked in water before cooking, also symbolizes the purification of sins.

The preparation of baccalà can vary depending on the region of Italy, but it is often served fried with a side of potatoes or in a tomato-based stew with onions and other vegetables.

Despite its strong flavor, baccalà has become a beloved dish in Italian cuisine, especially during the holiday season. It is said that there are over 1,000 different ways to prepare baccalà in Italy, each with its own unique twist and variation.

The Meaning Behind Fried Fish

Fried fish, or fritto misto di mare in Italian, is a popular dish in the southern regions of Italy and has a special meaning in the context of the Seven Fishes tradition. Fried fish symbolizes the purification of the body and soul, as it is believed to remove negative energy and cleanse the palate. It is also said to represent the resurrection of Christ, as the fish comes back to life in the frying pan.

The variety of fish used in fritto misto di mare can vary, but it typically includes small fish like anchovies and smelts, as well as calamari and shrimp. The fish are typically coated in a light batter and fried until crispy. They are often served with lemon wedges and a side of marinara sauce for dipping.

In addition to its symbolic meaning, fried fish is also a delicious and satisfying addition to the Seven Fishes feast. Its crispy texture and savory flavor make it a crowd-pleaser, and it pairs well with a variety of other seafood dishes on the menu.

Whether you view it as a symbol of spiritual purification or simply as a delicious fried treat, fritto misto di mare is a must-have dish for any Seven Fishes feast.

The Connection To Catholicism

Catholicism: The religious significance of the Feast of the Seven Fishes cannot be ignored. It is a Catholic celebration of the vigil before the birth of Christ, and it represents the seven sacraments of the Church.

Vatican II: The origin of the Feast can be traced back to the Vatican II era when the Catholic Church began promoting the idea of having fish instead of meat on certain days. This led to the rise of the tradition of having fish on Christmas Eve.

Italian-American Catholic Immigrants: The Feast of the Seven Fishes is a tradition that originated among Italian-American Catholic immigrants, and it is still celebrated by many Italian-American families today. It is a way to honor their heritage and their faith.

Religious Observance: For many families, the Feast of the Seven Fishes is not just a holiday meal, but a religious observance. The meal is often preceded by a prayer or a visit to church, and it is a time for families to come together and reflect on the meaning of the holiday.

The Role Of The Feast In Celebrating Christmas

Community: The Feast of the Seven Fishes is not only a religious tradition, but also a social one, bringing families and friends together to celebrate the holiday season.

Preparation: Preparing for the feast is a long and involved process, with families spending days shopping, cleaning, and cooking. The tradition is about more than just the food; it is about the effort and love that goes into creating a special meal.

• Symbolism: The seven fishes are believed to represent the seven sacraments of the Catholic Church, and the meal itself is a symbol of the Nativity of Christ.
• Variety: The variety of fish dishes served represents the diversity of the Italian regions where the tradition originated, and the different ways of cooking the fish reflect the creativity and culinary skills of the cooks.
• Festivity: The Feast of the Seven Fishes is a celebration of abundance and prosperity, and is an opportunity for families to indulge in lavish and delicious foods that they may not normally have access to throughout the year.

The Feast of the Seven Fishes has become an important part of the Christmas tradition for many Italian-American families, and is a way of honoring their heritage and passing down cultural traditions to future generations.

The Connection Between Fish And Catholic Fasting

One of the main reasons why fish became so closely tied to Catholicism is because of the tradition of fasting. In the Catholic Church, fasting is a time of spiritual discipline and self-control. During Lent, Catholics are asked to abstain from meat on Fridays as a form of penance. However, fish is allowed on these days, and it quickly became the go-to protein source for those who were observing the fast.

The tradition of eating fish on Fridays goes back centuries, and it’s still observed by many Catholics today. While the reasons behind the tradition may have changed over time, the connection between fish and Catholic fasting remains strong. For many, it’s a way to honor their faith and show their devotion to God.

The History Of The Church’s Influence On The Tradition

Origins: The Catholic Church’s influence on the Italian Christmas Eve tradition dates back to the Middle Ages. Fish was an ideal alternative to meat for the many Catholics who observed fasting and abstained from meat on holy days.

Evolution: Over the centuries, the tradition of eating fish on Christmas Eve evolved, and many different types of fish became associated with the meal. From simple grilled fish to elaborate seafood feasts, there was something for everyone.

Regional Differences: In Italy, the type of fish served on Christmas Eve varies by region. For example, in Naples, it is traditional to serve a dish of spaghetti with clams, while in Sicily, sardines are a popular choice.

Religious Significance: For many Italians, the Feast of the Seven Fishes is an important part of their religious heritage. It represents a time for families to come together and celebrate the birth of Jesus, while also honoring the religious customs and traditions of their ancestors.

The Role Of Family And Community

Family plays a central role in the Feast of the Seven Fishes, as it is a time for families to gather together and share a meal. It is common for each member of the family to contribute a dish to the feast, creating a collaborative and inclusive experience.

Community is also an important aspect of the Feast of the Seven Fishes. In some areas, the feast is celebrated in public spaces, allowing people to come together and celebrate as a community. This sense of togetherness and shared tradition helps to strengthen bonds within the community.

The tradition of the Feast of the Seven Fishes has been passed down through generations of Italian-American families, and it continues to be an important cultural practice today. It is a way for families to connect with their heritage and maintain a sense of cultural identity.

The preparation of the feast often involves collaboration between family members, with each person contributing their own unique skills and knowledge. This collaborative process reinforces the importance of working together and supporting one another.

Finally, the Feast of the Seven Fishes is a time for generosity and giving. Many families donate food to local charities or invite friends and neighbors who may not have family nearby to join in the celebration. This spirit of giving and inclusivity is a hallmark of the holiday season.

How The Feast Brings Families Together

The Feast of the Seven Fishes is not only about the food, but also about the family and community that gather together to celebrate the holiday. Traditionally, Italian families gather for a big meal on Christmas Eve, and the Feast has become a way to celebrate this tradition with a special emphasis on seafood.

Preparing for the Feast is often a family affair, with multiple generations coming together in the kitchen to prepare the dishes. This provides an opportunity for the older generations to pass down their cooking knowledge and family recipes to the younger generations. It is a time to bond and create memories with loved ones.

The Feast itself is also a time for families to come together and enjoy the fruits of their labor. The meal is typically served family-style, with large platters of seafood dishes placed in the center of the table for everyone to share. This communal dining experience fosters a sense of togetherness and emphasizes the importance of family and community.

Throughout the evening, families may also participate in other traditions, such as attending midnight Mass or exchanging gifts. These activities help to reinforce the family bond and create a sense of unity during the holiday season.

Ultimately, the Feast of the Seven Fishes serves as a way for families to connect with one another and create lasting memories. It is a time to celebrate both the culinary traditions of Italy and the importance of family and community in our lives.

The Importance Of Sharing Food During The Holiday Season

Sharing food during the holiday season is a way to demonstrate love and affection. Food is a fundamental element of human life and has been since the beginning of time. This makes it a symbol of the importance of community, generosity, and abundance.

Sharing food during the holiday season creates a feeling of togetherness that is unparalleled. It is an opportunity to connect with loved ones and strangers alike, and it helps build a sense of community. By sharing food, we create a space where we can celebrate together, and it allows us to strengthen our social ties.

Food also helps us to understand and appreciate other cultures. Different ethnic groups prepare unique dishes that tell stories about their traditions and heritage. When we share these dishes, we learn about other cultures and grow in our understanding and appreciation of them.

The Tradition As A Celebration Of Italian Culture

The Feast of the Seven Fishes is not only a religious tradition, but it is also a celebration of Italian culture. The tradition originated in Southern Italy and was brought to the United States by Italian immigrants in the early 1900s.

The Feast of the Seven Fishes is a way for Italian-Americans to connect with their heritage and pass on their traditions to future generations. It is a reminder of the importance of family, community, and food in Italian culture.

Italian cuisine is renowned for its fresh ingredients, bold flavors, and simple preparation. The Feast of the Seven Fishes showcases the best of Italian cuisine and highlights the importance of seafood in Italian cooking.

How To Prepare The Feast: Traditional Italian Recipes

If you want to prepare a traditional feast for your family this holiday season, you’re in luck. Italian cuisine is filled with delicious recipes that are perfect for sharing. Some classic dishes to include are lasagna, meatballs, and panettone.

For the lasagna, make sure to use plenty of cheese and a hearty meat sauce. The meatballs should be made with a mix of ground beef, pork, and veal, and seasoned with garlic and fresh parsley. And don’t forget to serve the panettone with a cup of hot espresso or a glass of sweet dessert wine.

Of course, no Italian feast would be complete without a selection of antipasti, or appetizers. Consider serving bruschetta with fresh tomatoes and basil, prosciutto and melon, and a variety of marinated vegetables.

Preparing The Traditional Fish Soup: Brodetto

Brodetto is a classic fish soup from the Marche region of Italy that is typically served during the Christmas Eve feast. To make the soup, you’ll need a variety of fish, such as scorpion fish, monkfish, and mussels, as well as vegetables like onion, celery, and tomato.

Start by sautéing the onion and celery in olive oil until they’re translucent. Add the tomato, parsley, and garlic and let it cook for a few minutes. Then add the fish and let it cook for another few minutes. Finally, add water and let the soup simmer for about 20-30 minutes until the fish is fully cooked.

Brodetto is typically served with a side of toasted bread, which can be used to soak up the flavorful broth. It’s a hearty and warming dish that’s perfect for a winter evening, and is sure to be a hit at any Christmas Eve celebration.

The Perfect Recipe For Salt Cod: Baccalà alla Vicentina

Baccalà alla Vicentina, also known as Vicenza-style salt cod, is a delicious and traditional Italian dish that is perfect for the Feast of the Seven Fishes. To make this dish, you will need a few key ingredients, including salt cod, milk, flour, onions, and extra-virgin olive oil.

Start by soaking the salt cod in water for at least 24 hours, changing the water every 6-8 hours. Then, in a large pot, bring the milk to a simmer and add the salt cod. Let it cook for about 10-15 minutes, or until the cod is cooked through.

Next, remove the cod from the milk and set it aside to cool. In a separate pan, sauté the onions in olive oil until they are translucent. Add the cod to the pan and cook for a few more minutes until it is lightly browned. Then, sprinkle some flour over the cod and onions and mix well.

Finally, add some of the reserved milk to the pan and cook for another 10-15 minutes, or until the sauce has thickened. Serve the Baccalà alla Vicentina hot with some crusty bread on the side.

Fried Fish Italian-Style: Fritto Misto di Mare

Freshness is key when making Fritto Misto di Mare. Use a variety of seafood such as shrimp, squid, and small fish, and make sure they are fresh. The batter is simple, made with flour and beer, which gives the fried seafood a light and crispy texture.

Make sure to fry the seafood in small batches to avoid overcrowding the pot and to maintain the oil temperature. Serve the Fritto Misto di Mare hot with a squeeze of lemon and a sprinkle of sea salt. It is a perfect appetizer for any occasion.

While traditionally served during the holiday season, Fritto Misto di Mare can be enjoyed year-round. It is a staple dish in Italian cuisine and showcases the delicious flavors of the sea. Try making it at home for your next family gathering or dinner party.

Tip: To add extra flavor, you can sprinkle the seafood with chopped parsley and garlic before serving.

Frequently Asked Questions